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Occupational therapy is a growing profession in the NICU due to the expertise of therapists in occupations and factors that influence performance. Current research has shown that there is a “mismatch” between the noxious NICU environment and developing preterm infants. This mismatch can later lead to significant alterations in growth and development of the nervous system. As a result, infants born preterm may experience occupational performance problems in the NICU and after discharge. To address this mismatch and prevent further disruptions in neurodevelopment, the evidence supports strategies to protect the fragile nervous system of preterm infants, or neuroprotection. These strategies often include modifications to the NICU environment and caregiving to better match the infant’s underdeveloped nervous system. Research demonstrates improved neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants when NICUs implement neuroprotection in their daily practices. Occupational therapists are the “perfect match” to provide interventions and education on neuroprotection in the NICU due to their foundational knowledge in sensory integration, neurodevelopment, body structures and functions, medical conditions, and their expertise in modifications to support occupational performance. This short course will expand on the domain and process of occupational therapy in the NICU; current literature, theory, and models of practice that support occupational therapy and neuroprotection; outcomes for preterm infants; and evidence-based practices to incorporate neuroprotective practices.
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